Introduction
Leadership
is an important component of the management of the organization. Organizational
success or failure of the operation. If any organization is the most important
factor leading to effective leaders. Can use the command and influence
subordinates to perform work. The activities of the organization restructured
well. In contrast, if the organization has no effective leadership. I will not
be able to bid. And influencing subordinates to obey and comply with the order.
Pol Pot was the morale of subordinates to the leader. Which will result in the
operational aspects of the organization failed.
Capable
leaders with low status. I strive to be and express themselves. The ability of
their sole. Patients with moderate leaders capable strive to use force and the
ability of others to the site. The high risk that leaders are capable. It is
managed by the wisdom of others to lend a hand as a disciplinary practice. And
when the problem occurs. Who is also the leader of the working group meeting to
receive comments. And discuss together in unison. If not rally together. Did
not hesitate to make a final decision to go for it. And it makes Mission
(Mission) of that organization can not be done is done.
Therefore, the leadership should study the concepts
and theories about the nature of leadership. Which is considered necessary. And
the factors that are critical for the management of the organization will need
to take your application to suit the situation and the resulting changes in the
behavior of executives in a manner conducive to the efficient and effective.
for most organizations.
Meaning of leadership.
The
meaning of the word leadership. Which corresponds to the English as
"Leader" has the meaning it has in such a manner.
1. Leader is a person who has been appointed or
is regarded as the chief decision. Because it has the ability to parent
command. And to bring subordinates or people in a way that is good or evil.
2. Leader is a person among the many people who
have the power to influence or ability to motivate people to comply with the
requirement or order of the comments he made.
3. Leaders are influential in the correct way
for the actions of others than others. Group or organization in which he
operates.
4. Leaders who have been elected to be the
leader of the group.
5. Leader is the only one in the group to act as
a leader. Coordinated activities within the group.
The conclusion then is
that the arts can have influence over others. Bring those persons to receive
the trust and confidence and has been fully respected. Cooperation and
confidence of subordinates seriously.
Meaning of leadership.
Have
a sense of leadership in many respects such as.
1.
Leadership refers to those who have
power over others, and this allows the authority to perform the task they cannot
perform alone successfully. Although the acceptance and willingness to comply.
2.
Leadership refers to the relationship
between a person (the leader), with group (followers) who have common interests,
and their behavior is under the direction and guidance of the leader.
3.
Leadership is the art of saying coaching
colleagues or subordinates to perform their duties willingly. And enthusiasm.
The
conclusion, then, leadership is the art or the ability of one person to
motivate or influence others, whether colleagues or subordinates in various
scenarios for operating and directing the process meaningful. or contacting
each other for their efforts to carry out the purposes of achieving the goals set.
The role and function of leadership.
Leadership roles and has many functions. Leader of a
group of people like a dictator may have one, but Democratic leaders in the
group who may have a role and functions like one. However, the role and
functions generally. Leaders to everyone. Among all kinds. There is some
discrepancy. Concluded the role and function of leadership in general. To the
concept of executive education at the 14.
1)
as an executive leader. The most obvious role of leader is an executive role as
the liaison between the various groups in the organization, or as a coordinator
of the group of which they are directors. This type of leadership will help the
work of all staff to perform well. Leaders will oversee the policies and
objectives of the group. And is responsible for maintaining the policies and
objectives of the practice completely accurate.
2)
As a leader in the planning. Typically, the plans often do work of all kinds.
To decide among their personnel should use and how to use it to achieve what is
required. Leader often serves as a plan that meets the objectives of the
operation or not. Leaders tend to be the one who knows all the disciplines.
Others in the group. Often know only what they have been assigned or
responsibility, but do not know the whole plan.
3)
As a leader in policy. The most important one is the leader. Goals or
objectives of the group. And policy, most of the policies of the three.
-
From "above" or a boss who has a high position.
-
From "below" is derived from the recommendations. Or resolution of
the personnel under his command.
-
From the "leader" of the group. Whether the policy will come from any
source. Leaders have the power to set free or manually.
4)
As a leading expert. Most rely on a small lead. It acts similar to a vocational
expert in such matters, but the leaders will know. In technical terms, not to
lose everything. Leaders in the organization or outside the formal
organization. Personnel with expertise in the profession often have towards
other people. To discuss the help always. It is for personal assistance.
Personnel who then became unofficially in the organization.
5)
as a representative of the group leaders to communicate with the outside.
The members of the group or any of the
organizations or agencies. Take the time to connect with anyone not directly.
Leader of the group is satisfied with the features often chosen to do instead.
He became the public relations officer of the group. Later not only to have
contact with people outside the group. But when outsiders come to negotiate
with the group what they need to negotiate through them. This became the leader
of the goalkeeper. Of people in the group. Or organization. Agency or the
implicit
6)
As a leader in the relationship. Leaders often act looks after the details of
the group and a very important one in the group is the relationship between
people who are members of groups that in some groups, whether anything happens.
Such as the ceremony, one of its members. Or whatever. Registered as a chief
negotiator or leader. Some union leaders to negotiate or to attend only some,
not all, but some people just do not care leaders about the relationship
between the members of the group do not have. Depending upon the nature of the
place.
7
) as a leader , and penalty . Personnel who are involved in the protection
offered to the personnel and the Riot Act , or are authorized to blame you .
Almighty becomes important and eventually became the leader . And penalties
that may be cut wages or salary assignments for very little or for tasks or
simply do not know . Management cautioned that it will not authorize any such
person to the staff too . Because damage may occur to the organization later.
8
) leaders as mediators . When a conflict occurs among people who mediate for
peace and understanding each other. Personnel who often become leaders in the
future. Perhaps the leaders of this type act as judges in their own case , it
is .
9)
As a leader in the individual samples personnel with good behavior or good work
is always well regarded . A good example of the organization. Often become
leaders of other personnel easily. As someone who has been respected by key
personnel in the organization .
10)
as a symbolic leader of the group. Harmonious unity of the people, all of which
are vital to the existence of the group. But most people are uniting together
all the time, it seemed . Groups often have one or some of the personnel shall
be regarded as representing a good man who cannot be deduced from his He will
always be great with any occasion. And good will with all men. This will not do
anything that will be detrimental to any group of people , this has become a
symbol of the group. In the same way as the king as the leader of the power
that these leaders are so high . Over the minds of people in the group and all
of the parties.
11)
as the agent responsible. No wonder some people or some organization or agency
. Many people have one leader or volunteer responsible for the decision. And
some actions of some individuals in the group. Or that the group was
responsible for all business done. By this reason, perhaps, in later occasions.
Personnel assigned to the group will have the power to decide any action .
Their behalf to prevent a crash. Which could cause their leaders to stone
liability. Without offending them.
12)
as the ideal leader . Perhaps some leaders of the group as a prophet .
Determine the ideal. A belief or faith are . To other personnel. Mind and
integrity even the Perry tradition of the Rio Group . Ideally it could be just
the beginning of his speech to anyone . Popular and well followed. Later it
became the official ideology . Of this type tend to lead an orator and thinker.
That every member of the group respects.
13)
As the Father has mercy. Leaders get. The like, and is the father of all people
would expect that . When a disaster occurs , that person will be punished
instead. Many people in all different types of people do not want to be liable
when a fault occurs . I will take up later ratted become leaders as well.
Because when the bad passes. People are sympathetic to his plight had been
their sole representative .
14)
As a leader in the offense instead. This type of leadership positions as
adults. The most senior in the group. And individuality respected as the father
of the group. This will scold anyone . Tonguing is not angry. Because everyone
knows that the person behind the words of the curse . I hope he has a good
case. And he will be a refuge for all the people that are suffering on them.
Factor 4 pillars of leadership.
1
. The personnel by individual needs a different style of leadership to new personnel
supervision than individuals with much experience. Staff with bad attitude to
the way that different than people who are highly motivated leader to know your
personnel . Basic starting point is that you need a good understanding of human
nature . Knowledge needed. Emotion and motivation. You have to know your
personnel who he is , he knows what he can do. However his features .
2
. Leader you need to truly understand who you are , you know what you can do .
Those convicted of successful leadership is a follower not a leader . If the no
confidence or no confidence in the leadership. He would have no inspiration. If
you want to be a good leader to succeed. You must ensure the bull by you or not
in your head . It is important that you need to follow .
3.
Communication must be two -way communication such as body language , the more
you need the media to be an example to your personnel . You may not ask him to
perform anything . You may be reluctant . You mean. Or how not to destroy the
relationship or the relationship between you and your people .
4.
Situation every situation is different. What you do in a situation . May not be
implemented in another situation . You need to use your judgment . Decisions as
best practice . And be consistent with the style of the event , for example,
you may need to confront people in inappropriate behavior. But if the
confrontation is too strong or too weak , slow or fast . May not be effective .
The
various factors affecting these examples of the power of the story of your
relationship with your boss . Skills of his men. The unofficial leader in your
organization . Method and system in your organization .
Theory of
leadership.
When
realized. Leadership is important to the organization and a very competitive
business. Scholars in several eras, it worked a lot about leadership. Cause the
concepts and theories of thinking and looking at many different angles.
Concepts and theories, which can be grouped into three groups.
1. The leadership attributes.
2. Concepts leader Behavioural.
3. Approach leadership situations.
Each concept is briefly the following
content.
Concept of leadership attributes.
This
concept focuses on the personality of the leader. It is believed that the
leaders will have different properties from the Guest. This concept is a group
of scholars to study the properties of different possibilities. Of educational
leaders who are outstanding people. Can divide the findings into 3 groups: 1.)
Physical characteristics such as height, appearance, age, etc. 2). Features
capabilities such as intelligence, knowledge, ability to speak in public, etc.
3.) Personality traits. such as emotion regulation and emotional expression.
Extraversion - introverted, etc. (Bryman, 1992 cited in Hartog and Koopman,
2001: 167), but there are many studies that contradict each other. I can not
find a clear conclusion. The study also found that the properties of the lead
is not applicable to all situations as well.
Concept of leadership behavior.
This
concept to study behavior, show leadership, to lead the implementation and
effectiveness as leaders want. Each leader will have different behavior away.
Universities and institutions in the United States has an interest and research
on the behavior of leaders. By studying the behavior of effective leaders. The
major conclusions. Are as follows. (Wiphada Kuptanon, 2544: 242-247)
1. Democratic leadership and
the dictatorship .Tannenbaum and Schmidt explained that the popular democratic
decentralization. Assignment . And an opportunity for members to participate in
decision making. On the contrary . Autocratic leadership usually judgments and
decide for yourself . And often do not allow members to participate in decision
making.
2. Study of the University of
Michigan analyzed the behavior of 3 different in appearance obviously is 1 .)
Behavior aimed at people . to give priority to members or employees.
Understanding the differences and recognize the importance of employees. The
opportunity for employees to participate in decision making. It is also of
interest . And understand the needs of the workers. 2). Behavior
of leaders aimed at . that highlight the
success of the operation. Focus on job creation and productivity with high
standards emphasize the use of rules of conduct in order to achieve the goal.
3. The Ohio State University
study has concluded that the behavior of leaders can be divided into two areas:
1) . Behavior aimed at creating structures leaders to
focus on the rules . Mastery Emphasize the role of the position . And highlight
the work of the structure . 2). Behavior towards
relationships. leaders to focus on having a good relationship with the members
. And participate in the work of its members .
4. Managerial Grid is an example
of an integrated study of the concept of behaviors together by Blake and Mouton
have created two -dimensional grid with a horizontal axis representing the
intended results. and the vertical axis represents the range of people. that
the most effective leaders . Include both leading and heading ( Mallika Tonson , 2544 : 52 ) .
The leadership situation.
This
study focuses on the Reconditioned. Or to behave in accordance with the
changing circumstances. It is the nature of the change. The idea is to form a
proper and good results in various situations.
1.
Study of Fiedler effective leadership
depends on a match between the leader 's
behavior and the situation in the operational environment, that is, to
influence the behavior of the leader (Mallika Tonson, 2544 : 54 ) .
2.
Theoretical goal (Path-goal Theory) This theory attempts to explain the impact
of leadership behavior on the motivation , satisfaction and performance of the
members have been focused on that goal. By looking at the behavior of the
expression . Members to achieve individual and organizational goals . Effective
leaders help members to achieve personal and organizational goals . Leader can
add incentives. Satisfaction to be a follower . By rewarding .
3.
Study of Hersey-Blanchard. Ohio
University has introduced the concept of the application behavior is aimed at
creating structures (Initiation structure) and behavior -oriented relationship
. and explain different leadership style . With the availability of this form
of the cause of the four types of notification (Telling) presented the idea participation and assignments.
Concepts of modern leadership.
In
addition to the three groups mentioned above, currently is developing and
changing ideas about leadership over the years. It is a key concept (Mallika
Tonson, 2544: 54) as follows.
1.
Exchange leadership and change. Leadership Exchange is a leading traditional
exchange of various awards . As a tool to convince the bosses to meet
performance goals. Which each partner benefits were exchanged . The leadership
change. The ability to change their beliefs . The attitude of the members .
Members work to achieve the above goals. Leaders to convey ideas and stimulate
thinking and experience to its members through continuous and systematic.
2.
Theory of leadership talent . It discusses the personality characteristics of
leaders that are different from other precious snowmelt Si ( 2544 : 55 ) states
that leadership talent . Should look like is to have a vision . Ability ,
communication skills . The ability to make others trust. The ability to make
others see that they are capable . Energetic and focused action to achieve
results. Express emotions appropriately and generosity to others, like the risk
of creating new strategies to achieve goals. The advertisement itself. And
cause internal conflict to a minimum .
Stream
currently focused on . Leadership changes. And charismatic leadership
(Charismatic leadership) , which have tried to explain these concepts . Leaders
succeeded in persuading senior member . Organizational commitment . Respect ,
trust and admiration for the leader . Dedication to work. Fidelity And the
performance of the members . And also try to explain that . Some leaders can
lead their organization or agency succeeding brilliantly how (House, Delbecq
and Taris, 1998 cited in Hartog and Koopman, 2001: 173) due to the business
operations of the organization in the age of globalization . That invest or
conduct business across the country. Causing many organizations to create
leaders who can manage and manipulate people to invest or do business in the
country . In addition, the existing concepts may not be sufficient to create
the most effective leadership style . Thus leading to the development of the
concept of cultural exchange . (Cross-Cultural Perspectives) by (Hartog and
Koopman, 2001: 167).
The concept of cultural exchange.
Academic
study on leadership, many of you who have criticized the concept of leadership
from the past to the present is that there is a specific social and cultural .
The concepts and theories , most of the research and experimentation in the
United States , Canada or European countries , only certain countries such as
the House (1995 cited in Hartog and Koopman, 2001: 178) has said that the
theory of leadership most . often the cultural background of the countries of
north America. American culture , especially the culture in some aspects
different from other countries , such as the focus on the individual. While
some of the cultural aspects of social integration are superior . But these
theories were interpreted without an appropriate application . In particular,
developing countries are quite clearly different from the United States or
other developed countries also Kanungo and Mendonca (1996 cited in Hartog and
Koopman, 2001: 178) also argue that In developing countries should focus on the
organization rather than a focus on maintaining the status quo today. Of such
information. It is submitted that The role of leadership talent . Important to
the organization in developing a research project to study the long-term GLOBE
in the 60 countries with the aim to find common features of leadership are the
same in all cultures. And leadership to find properties that are recognized in
different cultures. Which results in a conclusion that Many features are
similar in all cultures reflect leadership talent . Inspire . The vision also .
Leadership that focuses on teamwork . Aiming for excellence and absolute
discretion Solutions win-win (Den Hartog et al., 1999 cited in Den Hartog and
Koopman, 2001: 179) , it is a common feature as well.
The
results of Graen and Wakabayashi (1994 cited in Muchinsky, 2003: 436-438) to
study the differences in Japanese and American culture . Multinational
companies are investing . The staff consists of both Japanese and American
managers combined appear to have the characteristics of the culture of both
nations to work something different . The solution proposed by the two parties
learn each other's culture . And shared culture , a shared culture of the
organization to House, Wright and Aditya (1997 cited in Muchinsky, 2003: 438)
and Bond and Smith (1996 cited in Muchinsky, 2003: 438) stated that The
cultural differences influence the expectations and assumptions about the
environment of the individual. Attitudes toward people of other cultures . And
patterns of social interaction . And cultural influences also affect patterns
of leadership effectiveness. Which suggests that this form of leadership
success should be based on cultural factors as well. Since the initial study of
leadership is structured according to the scientific method today. It appears
that the concept of education and the many However , no one can conclude that
Leadership style that will make the most effective ( Santi Chai Wong , 2540 :
205 ) because the leadership is associated with many variables that are not
static . If the change. Always moving .
Model of
leadership.
Leadership
models help us understand. Leader should do. How he made in certain circumstances.
This idea did not block you in behavioral patterns discussed in this model. But
to understand the fact that every situation requires a method or behavior.
Expression of the two different models are described in Table 4 and scheme
administration.
Bolton
and Manchester in four schemes deal Bolman and Deal 3 suggest that leaders
display leadership behaviors in four types of structure, human resource,
political and symbolic leadership style may be effective or ineffective
depending on the choice behavior in the situation clear.
Leadership
structure in the effective leader is a social architect. Leadership style
is analysis and design in situations where no effective leadership. Authoritarian
leadership style, leaders focus on petty little details. The tree structure,
strategies focused on environmental action, experimentation and adaptation.
In
the fourth scheme Bolton Manchester and its recommended that leaders display
leadership behaviors in four types of infrastructure, human resource, political
and symbolic leadership style may be effective or ineffective depending on the
choice behavior in the situation clear.
Leadership
structure in the effective leader is a social architect. Leadership style is
analysis and design in situations where no effective leadership. Authoritarian
leadership style, leaders focus on petty little details. The tree structure,
strategies focused on environmental action, experimentation and adaptation.
Human
resources. Situation in leadership effectiveness. Leaders who encourage the
leadership style and serve as a support . Promote and authority . In situations
where no effective leadership . Leadership style is focus on work . Leadership
style and abandon the scam . Leadership and human resources. Belief in the
person . And convey his beliefs . He exposed and easily found . His authority .
Increase participation , support information exchange. The lower decision units
.
Political
situation in leadership effectiveness. Leadership style promotes leadership
style . It is characterized by the joint efforts and spiritual forces .
Leadership effectiveness in situations that do not immodestly Leadership style
dictator . Political leaders need to say anything, and they want to evaluate
the distribution of profit sharing . Networking for stakeholders to influence
others used before . Then use negotiation and or using force if necessary.
Symbol
in the leadership effectiveness. Leaders know it . Leadership style to inspire
leadership in situations that are not productive. Enthusiastic leadership style
crazy or ignorant leaders have no clear meaning. Organizations with ideas that
are symbolic leader . Like a stage or theater. Role to impress . These leaders
use symbols to draw attention . He tried to frame the experience . To provide a
realistic interpretation see attitude possible. His vision and media .
This
model suggests that Leadership style should be one of the four characteristics
, and many times. On the right way . And at times may not be appropriate if the
same method in different ways , these may not be enough. We should know all
four methods. Not the only way . For example, the organization changed
leadership style might Blair structure . Effective leadership style than
vision. At the time the organization is growing rapidly. Style leadership with
a vision to be more appropriate. We need to understand ourselves in the
situation rather than the way we used to enjoy the time we have to know and
recognize the limitations of the methods we use .
The
management of Blake and Mouton Manageral Grid 4 with 2 cores ? Focus on the
horizontal axis ? Both the ratio of 1 to 9 , this idea is two -dimensional
description of the behavior management of interest. And simplification of the
two -dimensional description of a graph or table. Most people may fall near the
middle of the second axis that is extreme , but there are people who score at
the end of the scale. We see the different styles of leadership .
Leaders
with power ( the 9th , the first ) team leader ( the 9th , the 9th )
leadership folk ( the first one in nine ) and poor leadership ( a 1 , a 1 ), a
leader with absolute power . (Authoritarian Leader) head high , 9 low
relationships , one person at a ratio score- focused this work. And hard
working people . ( Autocracy ) cooperation and joint efforts are less spiritual
. The aim of this work was to look hard. The rigorous . Schedule the work. He
expects people to work. Command personnel were not allowed to question or argue
when something goes wrong . People tend to focus more on blame than to trade
for what is wrong and how to prevent them , not withstanding that does not
match their own . This may be the creativity of some people . Difficult to
subordinates. Participation and development.
Team
aimed high , high correlation 9, 9 : Leadership is led by an example.
Trying to create a team environment . Which all team members can reach their
potential . Both team and individual. He encourages team work to attain
effective as possible. Work generously weariness among the various team members
, and enhance the productivity of the team as possible.
Leadership
Country Club, one high Relations , 9: Leadership is the power and dominated
the award before. To encourage team work and discipline to achieve goals. On
the other hand, is almost impossible to use the power of coercion or
punishment. Or legal authority that could result from a lack of leadership, who
feared the power to destroy the relationship of team members .
Poor
leadership , low task , low relationship 1 , 1: a person who uses a
management proxy then disappeared . Because he did not do its job or
relationship. Allowing the team to do what has been done by the desire and
inclination to separate themselves out .
Of
the team process . Leaving the team and let the dire battle. The desire for
leadership is leadership team, however, did not let it go in the third series
in certain circumstances. May take one of three forms , sometimes , for
example, play the lower bound . Its relative low Allow your team to believe in
themselves. Authoritarian leader play to gradually teach the discipline of
personnel , lack of motivation. Need to study the situation carefully and think
pressure is going to happen . You will know where the axis is necessary to
achieve the desired results .
Process of a great leader.
Road
to the leadership of the great leader who achieved five genera .
-
Ladle the challenge to find the one that you believe is necessary to do it.
Improved the most.
-
Create a shared vision to inspire . Order to build a shared vision with that .
Understanding of the follower .
-
Personnel , others have shown the ability to use tools and methods to solve
them .
-
Made her a role model . When the process is difficult not to dirty his hands on
his boss ordered the others to work. Leader to show his followers that he can
do it.
-
To encourage the adulation of his mind and keep you from the pain in my heart .
Based
on the practice of leadership . But not the cause . Everyone has equal rights.
But first you must know who you are , you know yourself what you can do well.
To develop a good idea of your strengths is a good feeling . The action is good
. What do you think it will be like that .
The main feature of the Buddhist
religion.
If
we consider a society of Thailand . Buddhism is the national religion .
Bringing the teachings of Buddhism principles applied would be more or less
conducive to cultural Thailand . The principle applied is to be a good leader .
And the teachings of the Buddha are shown the characteristics of a good leader
. Or ways to be a good leader to run for a way to put into practice ( Phong
realgar , 2546 : 163 ) , including Tspitrachtrrm 10 ways , prayer, theology 4 ,
virtues fair 4 , partial four , the Punjab health 4 . Sagcha object 4 ,
tolerance refinement you would shame Oh Darling the art Welcome, £ 4 , West SA
Rathmines Church organization Becket 5, Justice 5, the context for New York
fair, 7 , Nath equipment theology 10 , goodwill fair 7 and acts. 10 ways ( TOT
acts ) which can be applied to modern management (Source :
http://www.rin.ac.th/article) the text is not formatted the text is not. format
here are just some examples of what principles are described as follows .
Prejudice
is the propensity of emotions . Arose from the unequal And social spaces
in four respects (Source : http://www.dmky.com/thai/html/a-ka-ti-4.html).
1. prejudice caused by love or desire biased by partisan support that love. Or the
payment of remuneration to him.
2. prejudice caused by hatred or enmity party favor or punish their aversion to party
harder than their affinities .
3. prejudice caused by delusion or
stupidity a biased justice is folly. Not
suss out true .
4. prejudice caused by fear with deficits would include the influence of
fear or fear of lack of benefit.
Base
of sympathy for the people fairly . The love of the common people (Source :
http://sophon.bcnlp.ac.th) including .
1. Alms (giving offering) is to share the
sacrifice to others , such as rewarding good welfare etc.
2. Chulalongkorn verbal (Kindly speech) is
Gracious words speak to persons at suitable location in what is said . Say in a
constructive way . And I like the control , motivation etc.
3. Utilities ASSURE (useful conduct) makes
himself useful. According to Intellect . Knowledge is wealth and such as the
development of the management by objectives, etc.
4.
Manat eyes (even and equal treatment) is doing its steadiness. Behave as
appropriate for the job position . Not exploit others. Joint pain with pleasure
as communication, power and so on.
This
principle works . If leaders and any person implements will achieve stability
and progress in the work . The love and respect of others. Effective leaders in
the era of globalization .
Failure protection tools for
leadership.
Mukda
suntonrat (2547: 49-50) Chief Human Resources Officer, Human Resources Division
of the ACS (Thailand) Co., Ltd. (ACSG (Thailand) Co., Ltd.) Said ACSG seek leadership
development model. appropriate to the organization. And takes the form of
Skyhook for Leadership Model, which is a result of John A Shtocren by studying
the work and as a consultant for large companies, many global companies,
including AT & T, Coca Cola, Ford, 3M,. and the University of Michigan and
a management approach to the seven steps.
1
. The vision . Leaders must have a clear purpose and a dream to be able to lead
the team towards it.
2.
Giving credibility to a team. To work together to achieve it must be mutual
trust . Confidence in the ability of this team. Based on the primary . And
processes to the staff at the center . Will be to educate employees on the job
continuously.
3.
Communication open . Taking into account the importance of communication.
Create a system of communication and strategic vision to your employees
participate in the plan and purpose in their work.
4.
Creating valuable . Both the leader and his team. Enjoy because the challenging
task. Assignments appropriate to their knowledge . The ability of employees.
Have one to fit the job. A coach with a good leader . Employees as well as
consulting on the issue.
5.
Fiduciary responsibility to their employees to stop work . By creating a clear
standard procedures . Employees to participate in management . Show acceptance
and confidence. Routine operations leaders must not only be distributed to
employees.
6.
Teamwork . Driving the leaders realize the importance of team work . And the
development team by the approach and scope of work clearly. Confidence in the
ability of this team. Focus on working across party lines . The leader must
also be able to coordinate the different people in the team together . To
maximize the benefits to the organization.
7.
Knowing the appropriate changes. To analyze the gap between vision and current
situation of the organization. The strategy and action plan . To change to meet
the target .
Mokda
Suntonrat (2547) concluded that the development of leadership, promoting a
strong advantage in the management of the organization. "The
anti-failure" to apply to be a tool for development organizations to
further progress.
Trends in educational leadership in
the future.
Current
global trends , technological change and globalization. Which affect the
function and organization of a broad and long (Howard, 1995 cited in Muchinsky,
2003: 180) among these changes the organization to enhance the ability of
decision-making groups more (Guzzo, 1995 claim. to in Muchinsky, 2003: 181)
Shamir (1999 cited in Muchinsky, 2003: 181-182) states that a single individual
leadership role is less important . The leaders also tend to trust the judgment
of a team that was set up as a special case of a more temporary . So each team
will have the authority to decide on a particular part of the team responsible.
This trend may be a characteristic of leadership is to share and exchange ideas
. Decentralization of responsibilities. It bundles or Shamir (1999) goes on to
say that The use of innovative technologies . Leaders are more likely to
communicate with the devices and the network. Without having to face every
time. Which may result in a gap between the level of authority in the organization
began to decline Shamir (1999) have concluded that Organizations in the future
will be more likely . No exact boundaries . Order to reduce the high command of
the organization is flat and flexible, the project team is based. The trend of
employment is a temporary employment characteristics . Recruiting from outside.
And does not require any interaction intimacy . Employees would be more
independent . The organization was unable to control it or force it. It will
focus on the exchange of skills and ideas. As well as a common goal , so the
possibility to study leadership in future studies may extend to other issues ,
such as leadership . Study of leadership and leadership by sharing knowledge on
the psychology of thinking (Cognitive Psychology) , etc..
Ethical
leadership.
Today's
society has changed as a result of the advancement of communication technology.
The incident at any one point will impact spread to other parts quickly. In
particular, the decline of the social ethics of the object rather than the
cause of it. Cooperation instead of competition to overcome. To see others as
competitors than as allies. Education seems to be a good solution to the
problem. And leadership education is the hope of a good role model for ethics
teachers, students and other people in society.
Principal
ethical dilemma faced every day Greenfield (Greenfield, 1991) states that the
principal can not deny responsibility for the integrity of the social problems
of the students. And the teaching profession. The problem is sometimes even
difficult to identify exactly what was wrong. What should and what should not
behave in terms of their morality.
Green
Marshfield (Greenfield) argues that society has expectations of ethical
principals such as
1.
Schools have become institutions of morality (moral institute) to help
determine the norms of society (social norm).
2.
Principal must model the moral (moral agent) any decision of the principal
reasons that the moral values (moral
value) is greater than the other.
3.
The school administration will be dedicated to providing an environment
conducive for students to thrive. Learning quality and happy (very good and
happy).
Reason.
Behavior of the principal. Must be expressed as a moralist, as Prof. Saroj
Buasri once said. "Graduates must have the knowledge as scholars. And must
behave as highly unethical. "
Expression
of moral leadership can also be seen from the normal daily practice . Leaders
also need to make foreign policy and the structure of the latent moral values are , for example, today's
society , most people want to be a winner on the defeat of the other.
Therefore, the exploitation and use dirty tactics just to win their unethical .
Thus, the principal must make policy and operational activities of teachers and
students focus on ethics justice . Not exploit others. Emphasis on cooperation
rather than competition . The importance of working as a team rather than
individually. Strategies to resolve conflicts in a win / win rather than win /
lose. Including the creation of values and
a respect for the dignity of the humanity of others , etc. The principal
conclusion is that it is not only the leader of ethical conduct . Only their
only Its function is paramount . "The school was built as a moral
institution " as well.
As
a leader. Principals need to be extra careful in using the power of their
duties in an ethical manner. From the perspective of the principal, or other
decisions better. Have to make all that is on the basis of a rational ethics.
What leaders think. All said and done, be consistent. Everyone is willing to
comply. Power penalty. Avoid as much as possible, and as a last resort when all
other methods. It is costly and leads to self-discipline or self-respect of
that person in any way.
Principal ethical crossroads with two
choices.
Leadership
that is based on ethics. Principals are often met with an awkward choice to
decide which alternative is better than the alternative of moral criteria .
Because sometimes a moral issue , not a choice between right or wrong . It's
about something that is more appropriate for example, the budget constraints of
the school, the program promotes students gifted with the teaching to reduce
falls over a class of students , or the principal structures are the
independent ones . teacher But while focusing on student achievement . It is
important as well. It turns out that the teacher can use the power granted to a
student's low academic standards in order to increase the number of graduates,
etc. Teacher or principal should protect the working classes as well. But
sexual harassment against a student or not . Principals should do . If their
supervisor to support companies that want to win the whole milk to students who
know less than the standard .
To solve the ethical dilemma.
It is
believed that No formula can be used to solve the problem of moral choice . But
with the broad guidelines such as
1.
The leadership itself must have ethical standards . And to behave in accordance
with the ethical standards consistently. Such expression . Behavior of the
kindness , generosity per pupil . Friends , teachers and the general public .
Expression in the love of fairness and justice. The behavior of those who are
faithful both to themselves and to others. To respect the dignity of others, and
so on.
2. Was necessary to find solutions to ethical
problems . The main considerations are the following: (1 ) View the results as
if choosing that method . And try to analyze it . Who will be affected and the
effects on these people ? (2 ) making choices based on the rules of morality
(moral rules) , such as the belief that if you do so, the world would probably
be better because all in morality . ( 3 ) tries to capture the generosity. We
try to be considerate like that . If the people in the event ourselves . We
want people to treat us? Etc.
3.
Ethical problems . Will have the option to have more than two is not a solution
, it must be wrong . But there should be a third option . Which is a better
solution . Such as the school will require students to participate in religious
activities . It should have the choice to conform to some students of other
religions as well.
4.
Finally, leaders must act like mercury awareness and awareness of ethical
issues that have been particularly good in the community. Which he has the lead
role.
The principal's role in shaping the
ethics of school.
Typically,
schools often neglect to encourage a discussion about the issues. Ethics by
claiming that everyone needs to get the already heavy workload for the time
synchronization more difficult. One suggested way to create awareness of ethics
for the school week. The ethical committee. Such as those found in hospitals
have ethics committees, etc. This committee is responsible for not only the
official rules. But also create awareness on ethical issues. The teachers care
management guidelines of professional ethics. Make recommendations to
management to fix broken moral issues that arise in school etc.
Thomas
Chi surround Giovanni (Thomas Sergiovanni, 1992). Said that effective schools
have requirements that are common to all people of the covenant. By Testament
such as core values of
the school. And can be used as a reference standard to judge that. Behavior or
action against any of its members is appropriate or not in terms of ethics.
Leaders must play an important role not simply make a covenant of the school.
However, the need to support actively. And the applied practice. And when there
is a violation of the covenant, the leaders must take decisive measures to
resolutely against it.
Educators have agreed that Leadership must start
from the moral leadership morality (moral leadership begins with moral leaders)
effective leader must not only be knowledgeable, not only moral, but only to
teach others with words. But most important, it is. The practical aspects Pฤt a paragon of virtue to the common people.
The ethics of transformational
leadership.
Transformational
leadership theory. Stand different from other leadership theories tend to focus
on the exchange between leader and follower. However, this theory focuses on
the moral level. And ethical standards of the higher. Leadership with integrity
is as follows.
Transformational leadership. Change by
focusing on the issue.
1.
Raise awareness of the need to have moral standards to follow.
2.
Indicators to focus on ethical issues by priority post.
3.
Trying to elevate the needs of their followers. To aim for higher levels of
success.
4.
Promote moral maturity level. Of the rise.
5.
Enhance the atmosphere of the office or organization, such as the atmosphere of
moral values and moral
standards, etc. together.
6.
Excite and encourage by that. Working principles of the common good before
personal benefit them. It is good to take together.
7.
Encourage the principles of cooperation. More competitive. Naturalistic and
fellowship.
Summarize
Leaders
in any organization . In this earth . One thing to have in common. Will be much
less dependent on energy from the drive . That's leadership , the leader anyone
It can be a time when the time is right, as a function of age . Is experienced
in the workplace. Or a person with a good family economy . But leadership is in
the lead. Or may not lead anywhere . But leadership in various situations. Was
able to develop his leadership eventually. When everyone is a leader and
leadership . The next factor to consider . Are virtue ethics. This will be the
final measure that Can enter the minds of subordinates or not. There are many
leaders . When you assume a social role . Neglected to pay attention to it. But
some leading authority on selling to people who had worked throughout the visit
. Also a respected senior The same officer who retired . His calling was not
abandoned even the main agenda in life .
Therefore
, leadership must be developed to achieve self . If there is capital , then
there is no need to bring it there. Because that conveys bold leadership .
Authority to make decisions. A steady Look at everything out thoroughly . And ,
in turn, can lead their organizations to progress further.
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